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| 259 Encyclopædia Britannica articles, from the full 32 volume encyclopedia |
> | Seljuq ruling military family of the Oguz (Ghuzz) Turkmen tribes that invaded southwestern Asia in the 11th century and eventually founded an empire that included Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine, and most of Iran. Their advance marked the beginning of Turkish power in the Middle East. |
> | Seljuqs
from the Central Asian arts article The art of the Seljuqs, who founded kingdoms in Persia, eastern Byzantium, Syria, and Iraq, eclipsed that of the Samanids, Ghurids, and Ghaznavids. They were great architectural patrons and constructed numerous mosques, madrasahs (Islamic religious schools), hospitals, orphanages, baths, caravansaries, bridges, and türbes notable for their decorative masonry, elaborately ...
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> | Seljuq Turks
from the Islamic world article The Seljuqs were a family among the Oguz Turks, a label applied to the migratory pastoralists of the SyrdaryaOxus basin. Their name has come to stand for the group of Oguz families led into Ghaznavid Khorasan after they had been converted to Sunnite Islam, probably by Sufi missionaries after the beginning of the 11th century. In 1040 the Seljuqs' defeat of the Ghaznavid ...
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> | Seljuq art
from the Islamic arts article During the last decades of the 10th century, at the Central Asian frontiers of Islam, a migratory movement of Turkic peoples began that was to affect the whole Muslim world up to and including Egypt. The dominant political force among these Turks was the dynasty of the Seljuqs, but it was not the only one; nor can it be demonstrated, as far as the arts are concerned, that ...
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> | Seljuq expansion
from the Anatolia article After a six-year interregnum Sulayman's second son Qïlïch Arslan, released from captivity after the death of Malik-Shah, finally was able to repossess Iznik in 1092 and then gradually to regain control of his father's dominions. Four years later western European crusaders, responding to the call of Pope Urban II to liberate the Holy Land, entered Anatolia on their way to ...
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| 4 Student Encyclopedia Britannica articles, specially written for elementary and high school students |
 | The Range of Islamic Literature
from the Islamic literature article The Muslim empire was enormous in size; it included a great diversity of peoples, many of whom had preserved ancient cultures and languages. For a long period, Arabic became the literary language for many regions of the empire; but as time passed, local influences reasserted themselves and native languages once again came into use. This was particularly true in Persia, ...
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 | From Arab Conquest to Caliphate (6371534)
from the Iraq article A new era began with the Arab conquests in AD 637 when tribes from Arabia, bearing the message of Islam, spread throughout a Mesopotamia already weakened by conflicts between the Sassanids of Persia to the east and the Byzantine Empire to the west. The victorious Muslims established their first dynasty, the Umayyad, with their capital at Damascus in Syria. By 750, ...
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 | Ghazali, al- (10581111). One of the most prominent figures in the history of the religion of Islam was a jurist, theologian, and mystic named al-Ghazali. One of his more significant contributions to thought was bringing Greek philosophical concepts and methods into the mainstream of Islam.
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 | History
from the Middle East article The Middle East has the longest recorded history of any region in the world and was the setting for two of the earliest human civilizationsthe Egyptian and Mesopotamian, which flourished some 4,000 years ago. Three other parts of the region also played a significant historical role in ancient times: Syria and Palestine, where the Jews, Philistines, Phoenicians, and ...
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